Vii Function
Anatomy b. Please help with Science Olympiad?
Please help wit as many as you can.
Muscular system:
i. The interaction of the skeletal and muscular systems (i.e. bones, joints, tendons, and muscles).
ii. Muscle fibers -the cellular and gross anatomy of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.
ii. The function and characteristics of muscle tissue.
iv. Location, identification, and function of the major skeletal muscles of the body.
v. Effect of exercise on the muscular system.
vi. Muscle and tendon injuries and their prevention (i.e. Strains and Sprains)
vii. The diseases on each level from the cell to the whole person as listed: Polioymyelitis, Muscular Dystrophies, Myasthenia gravis.
viii. The effects of exercise on the cellular and gross anatomical structure of the muscular system.
Thanks, and there’s more.
i. The interaction of the skeletal and muscular systems (i.e. bones, joints, tendons, and muscles).
the point where bones join together are called joints and this is where the axis of movements is located. muscles are attached to bones through tendons. so when a MUSCLE contracts, it will pull on its TENDON which will then pull on its site of attachment on a BONE causing that bone to move on its JOINT.
ii. Muscle fibers -the cellular and gross anatomy of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. and ii. The function and characteristics of muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle is made up of individual components known as muscle fibers. These fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts. The myofibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells composed of actin and myosin myofibrils repeated as a sarcomere, the basic functional unit of the cell and responsible for skeletal muscle’s striated appearance
Smooth muscle tissue is located in structures such as blood vessels, the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder. Smooth muscle fibers are usually involuntary (not under conscious control), and they are nonstriated (smooth).The most striking feature of smooth muscle is the lack of visible cross striations (hence the name smooth). Smooth muscle fibers are much smaller – than skeletal muscle fibers
Cardiac muscle tissue forms the bulk of the wall of the heart. Like skeletal muscle tissue, it is striated (the muscle fibers contain alternating light and dark bands (striations) that are perpendicular to the long axes of the fibers). Unlike skeletal muscle tissue, its contraction is usually not under conscious control (involuntary).
iv. Location, identification, and function of the major skeletal muscles of the body.
major skeletal muscles would in include your deltoids, biceps brachii, triceps brachii in you upper arm and the pectoralis major in your chest, trapezius and lattisimus dorsi on you upper back. these muscles are responsible for the various movements of your upper arm on the shoulder and elbow joint
in your trunk, you have the rectus abdominus and erector spinae which flex and extend your trunk
in the lower extremities you have your gluteus maximus, quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles in the upper leg which create movements on the hip and knee joint and the calf muscles(gastrconemius and soleus) of the lower leg which allow you to stand on your toes.
v. Effect of exercise on the muscular system.
exercises would lead to improved strength, endurance, coordination, tensile strength and skill especially if it follows the “overload principle”
vi. Muscle and tendon injuries and their prevention (i.e. Strains and Sprains)
proper warm up and cool-down exercise including stretching would help prevent injuries. regular exercises also would minimize said injuries and engaging in sub-maximal exercises when coming off long periods of inactivity
vii. The diseases on each level from the cell to the whole person as listed: Polioymyelitis, Muscular Dystrophies, Myasthenia gravis.
poliomyletis primarily affects the nerve cell bodies of the motor nerves resulting in paralysis of the supplied muscles. long term effects include severe atrophy(shrinking of muscles) and deformities due to muscle imbalance.
muscle dystrophies are inherited disorders that result in direct degeneration of muscles without any problem with the nervous system.
signs would also include muscle weakness/paralysis, atrophy, deformities and disability.
myasthenia gravis is due to a disorder in the neuro-muscular junction(connection between nerve and muscle) usually due to a problem with the neurotransmitter and/or its receptors. s/ sx include weakness, fatigue
viii. The effects of exercise on the cellular and gross anatomical structure of the muscular system.
exercises usually result in muscle hypertrophy which is due to an increase in the number of muscle fibers in the exercised muscle. this muscle would grossly appear larger than before.
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